Civilizations Sub Racial Anthropology

Civilizations

Sat, 09 Jul 2011 01:52:11 | Sub Racial Anthropology

As the Neolithic revolution became more widespread and larger fixed settlements began to spring up, it became inevitable that these Old Europeans and Proto-Nordic types would start establishing formal societies. The so called "Old European" civilizations then came into being, laying much of the groundwork for the later development of Classical Greece and Rome. Although these Old European civilizations were in fact quite distinct from classical Greece and Rome, they are often mistakenly thought of as one and the same thing.

The original, or Old European settlements, dominated huge areas of Europe and Russia, stretching from Italy right through to the Black sea, including all of modern Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and part of the Ukraine.

The crucial difference is however that the Old European civilizations were created by the original continental Europeans (Proto-Nordic, Alpine and Mediterranean, with the latter two being in the majority) while the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome received their impetus from Indo-European or Nordic invasions which had started around 5000 BC.

The continental Old European civilizations in the Aegean were the Cretan civilization, centered at Knossos on the island of Crete; the city state of Troy situated slightly south of the Bosporus straits in Asia Minor; certain smaller city states on the Greek mainland; and the Etruscans in Italy.

These city states were the first to fall before the great Indo-European invasions, people who had mastered the art of copper working. Absorbed into the Indo-European peoples, the Old Europeans largely disappeared and this mix of White peoples laid the basis for the Mycenean culture which replaced the Cretan civilization as the dominant force in the Aegean.

CRETE - WORLD'S FIRST FLUSHING TOILETS

The island of Crete, situated to the south of Greece, was the home to the Cretan civilization, also known as the Minoan civilization (named after Minos, in legend the most powerful of the Cretan kings).

The original Mediterranean racial composition of this first Cretan civilization has been confirmed by the anatomists Bowdy Dawkins, W.L.H. Duckworth and Felix von Lauschan, all of whom excavated and examined skeletal remains on Crete: their unanimous conclusion was that the Cretans were all members of the (now virtually extinct) Mediterranean subrace. (Race, John R. Baker, Oxford University Press, 1974, page 516).

This skeletal evidence is backed up by the art forms left by the Cretans themselves, particularly in the depictions of social events which are still existent on the walls of the now ruined great Cretan palace at Knossos.

A statue of a goddess from the Old European civilization of Crete. A large number of artifacts such as these have survived in remarkably good condition, affording an excellent opportunity to observe the racial types of the Old

Europeans.

An excellent image of three Old European, or Mediterranean, racial types, taken from a surviving fresco on the walls of the ruins of the palace at Knossos. The links between this ancient civilization and ancient Egypt are confirmed through surviving records and the fact that the artists at Knossos followed the Egyptian convention of painting males with red skins and females with white skins.

By the year 3000 BC, Crete had contact with the budding Egyptian civilization, and many Cretan religious customs and social habits were taken directly from Egypt. Being an island state, it would be fairly logical that the Cretans would possess well developed seafaring skills.

The Cretans were governed by a priest king who had his residence at Knossos. This palace rose several stories high and was the ultimate in luxury at the time.

The city of Knossos itself appears to have been destroyed by an earthquake in 1400 BC - the result of the titanic volcanic eruption which destroyed the neighbouring island civilization of Santorini. However, enough artifacts have survived to enable a clear picture of the racial types who inhabited the island to be formed. Most of the walls were of painted plaster, decorated with elaborate frescoes, with the most famous being of a Cretan national sport, "bull jumping" - where brave athletes would grab a charging bull by the horns and somersault backwards over the length of the bull's body.

A reconstruction of the palace of Knossos on the island of Crete - a magnificent example of Old European civilization at its height. The palace remains suffered earthquake damage and possible war damage after the Old European civilizations were toppled by Nordic Indo-European invaders. The reconstruction is based on archeological evidence and images discovered on site.

: A general view of the site of Knossos as it may be seen today. Knossos was also the site of the legendary Minatour, or half bull, half man creature in Greek mythology, and of the labyrinth or maze in which the Minatour lived.

The oldest existing throne in the world - the Throne of Minos, still in its original place in the remains of Knossos, cut out of stone and built into the wall, circa 2000 BC.

Minoan art provides fascinating insights into the nature of the society at the time - men and women dressed for the warm climate, with women bare breasted, and men beardless. Ancient Cretans followed the Egyptian artistic convention of painting males with red skins and females with white skins. Flowers, plants, sea creatures and dolphins feature prominently in their art forms, indicating that their society was advanced and wealthy enough to concern itself beyond just basic survival activities.

One interesting first produced by the Cretan palace of Knossos was the first running water sanitation system - the first "flushing" toilet in the world.

The exact date of the collapse of the Cretan civilization is unfortunately not recorded, but it stopped functioning as a cultural unit when the island was invaded by an Indo-European Nordic tribe, the Myceneans, around the year 1500 BC.

The Cretans were thereafter physically absorbed into the Myceneans, and later became an integral part of the civilization of classical Greece.

In 1900, a British archaeologist, Sir Arthur Evans, rediscovered Knossos and found baked clay tablets with two types of writing, dating from around 2000 BC.

These are called Linear A and Linear B scripts, possibly the oldest identifiable forms of European continental writing (if the "writing stone" found at the Caves of Mes d' Azil in France and the Tatria Tablet from Romania are discounted).

A clay tablet with Linear Script B, circa 1800 BC. Indo-European Mycenean writing found on Crete.

Later research showed that the Linear B script was a form of Mycenean writing, (and which has been deciphered) while the Linear A script was original Cretan (and which has not been deciphered).

TROY - FIRST BUILT 3000 BC

Around the year 750 BC, two great epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, were set down and attributed to the blind poet Homer. The Iliad describes the war between the Greek city states and the city of Troy, while the Odyssey tells of the adventures of an Ionian king Odysseus, during his return journey home after the war with Troy ended.

For many years the city of Troy was thought to exist only in Homer's poems and was associated with the famous story of the Wooden Horse. The city of Troy was however, actually discovered in 1870 by an amateur archaeologist, Heinrich Schliemann. Instead of discovering just one city, Schliemann unearthed a total of nine cities, all built on top of one another, indicating a whole period of history about which very little is known.

The earliest city on the site dates from about 3000 BC and the various cities (called Troy I - IX) were alternatively destroyed by earthquakes, fire or war, as recounted in Homer's poems. It is difficult to state for certainty how much of the wooden horse story is true (where Greek soldiers are supposed to have infiltrated the city of Troy hidden in a trick wooden horse after unsuccessfully having besieged Troy for nearly ten years) but it is likely to have some basis in fact as Troy and many Greek City States were at war with one another around the year 1,200 BC.

The last Trojan city, number IX, appears to have been a Greek and later a Roman city known as Ilium.

As with Crete, the date of the exact end of Troy has also been lost with the passage of time.

Once thought only to exist in the imagination of the poet Homer, the city of Troy did in fact exist and was discovered by the German archeologist, Heinrich Schliemann. Nine different cities were built on the site, one on top of each other, and very little is known about some of the earliest. The photograph above, shows the main north eastern tower of the sixth city; the steps to the right and the walls next to the steps and at the base of the tower date from the eighth city. The wall at the very left of the picture dates from the city built by the Romans on the spot. Troy was originally founded by the Old European civilizations and was occupied by numerous powers during its history: hence the nine different layers which were found.

Below: A Trojan bowman, carved from marble. A figure on the east facade of the temple of Aphaia, in Aegina, Greece.

By the time Troy had fallen, the great Indo-European invasions of the Greek mainland had already started, and it is possible that the city itself may at one stage have been destroyed during one of these invasions.

THE ETRSUCANS

The Etruscans became one of the original Mediterranean and Proto-Nordic peoples living in the Italian peninsula before the Indo-European invaders reached that part of the world. Originally called the Villanovans (after a place where they lived), the Etruscans appear to have penetrated Italy from somewhere north of the Alps and seem to have had close contact with some of the Old European civilizations in the Aegean sea, as they adopted Greek characters for writing their language.

Villanovan grave sites have revealed a rich yield of impressive worked metal armor and personal artifacts, some dating from 1000 BC, the time when iron working first became widespread in Italy.

With the advantage provided by iron weapons, the Etruscans quickly subdued other original Mediterranean peoples in Italy, and established a state running from the North in the Po River valley to about a third of the way from the end of the Italian peninsula.

Their most notable achievement was however the settlement of some towns and concentrated urban areas, one of which was later to become the city state of Rome.

An exquisite sculpture, from a sixth century BC Etruscan sarcophagus, is a marvelous representation of the racial characteristics of the Etruscan peoples, who occupied the Italian peninsula before the arrival of the Indo-European Latini tribe. The Latini, who gave their name to the language they spoke, Latin, mixed with the Etruscans and from this combined group came the original Romans.

Etruscan females, illustrations from Etruscan graves at Corneto, Italy. On the left, an original Proto-Nordic Etruscan, on the right, an original Mediterranean type Etruscan.

With the arrival of new invading Indo-European tribes - in this case the most important being the Latini -the Etruscans were absorbed into the new Roman state, with the last official Etruscan king being expelled from Rome in 509 BC. After a few hundred years, the assimilation process between the Etruscans and the Indo-European Latini tribe - the Romans - had reached the point where the Romans offered the Etruscans full Roman citizenship by 100 BC.

By this time the Etruscan heritage had been completely taken up into the new power which was to dominate the known world in a way not seen before: the Roman Empire.

MIDDLE AND NEAR EAST

In addition to the Old European civilizations on the European continent, the Mediterranean and Proto-Nordic sub-racial groupings had by 4000 BC also occupied much of what is today known as the Middle East - from Egypt through to the "fertile crescent", the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, now lying in modern day Iraq.

These original Mediterraneans were responsible for many of the civilizations in that region. They were subject to almost constant invasion: either by waves of Nordic Indo-Europeans from the north, or by waves of invading Semites, from the south. Sometimes these Old Europeans managed to defeat the invaders, but more often than not they were unable to resist. In this way they were gradually absorbed into the gene pools of their conquerors - these events are reviewed in another chapter.

ANCIENT WHITE CIVLIZATION IN INDIA - THE INDUS RIVER VALLEY

One of the most far-flung of the Old European settlements is to be found centered in modern day northern India. Known as the Harappan culture (after an excavated city, Harappa in modern Pakistan) or the Indus Valley Civilization, it was unknown until 1927 when the first major excavations took place. The remains of settlements belonging to this culture have been found throughout the Indus River valley in Pakistan, westward along the coast to the Iranian border, in India's northwestern states as far east as New Delhi and on the Oxus River in northern Afghanistan.

OLD EUROPEAN SKULLS FOUND IN INDUS RIVER VALLEY

The Old European - White Mediterranean - racial makeup of the people who created the Indus River Valley civilization has been proven by an examination of skulls and skeletal remains, undertaken by Col. R.B.S. Selwell and Dr. B.S. Guha of the Zoological Society of India, who both conclusively found that virtually all were of the Mediterranean subrace. (Chapter 11, in Marshall, J, Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Civilization, 1931, London.)

Above: A bust recovered from Mohenjo-Daro showing the racial type of the original inhabitants of this civilization, which extended as far north as the borders of modern day Afghanistan. These White Mediterraneans were absorbed into two sets of outsiders: the non-White dark skinned locals and eventually Nordic Indo-Aryan invaders around 1500 BC. A detailed study of the racial composition of the inhabitants of this region - taken from grave sites - confirms the great mix of racial types and then ultimately the vanishing of the original Old Europeans into this new mixed population.

FIRST WHITE SETTLEMENT CIRCA 2500 BC

The first Old European settlement of the region was made around 2500 BC, when the White Mediterraneans probably arrived after trekking from the Tigris and Euphrates river valley. In the region, they found darker natives, whom they easily subjected. The Old European civilization lasted until the region was invaded by Indo-European Nordics around 1500 BC. The two major cities of the Indus Valley civilization were Mohenjo Daro, in the lower Sind, and Harappa in the Punjab. As a result, the civilization has also become known as the Harappan civilization.

In many respects the cities of the Old European Indus Valley civilization are almost identical to that of other old European civilizations, particularly that at Knossos on Crete. Even the layout of the cities, with their huge square buildings, is identical.

MOHENJO-DARO - THE LARGEST CITY

The major site in this region is the city of Mohenjo-Daro. The remains of this citadel - excavated between 1927 and 1930 - bears huge physical resemblances with the Old European settlements in early Mesopotamia and Crete. At its peak, Mohenjo-Daro must have had over 40,000 inhabitants, a substantial amount for the time. The city was based on an advanced grid plan layout, with streets running in very clearly arranged city blocks.

The Old European Indus River Valley civilization. In 1921 the first excavations were undertaken of this White Mediterranean civilization situated in the present day Sind and Punjab regions of India. Settled by Old Europeans around 2500 BC, possibly migrants from the Tigris/Euphrates River area, the greatest city of this civilization was Mohenjo-Daro, whose ruins (above) and water borne sewerage system (below) are architectural wonders.

: ADAVNCED WATER RETICULATED SEWERAGE SYSTEM

The most astonishing aspect of the city however remains the sewerage system - the people of Mohenjo-Daro developed both public and private hygiene to a degree unmatched in many parts of the modern world. Each house, large or small, was provided with earthenware pipe fitted crossways into the walls and opening into a small individual gutter. This in turn, joined central covered sewers. At intervals there were decantation ditches where the main sewers joined. These were designed to collect the heaviest waste so that it would not obstruct the mains.

The houses also all had baths - another innovation for the time - and the water for this purpose was supplied from the many wells throughout the city, some accessible from the streets, and others incorporated into the houses themselves. All the Indus River Valley civilization towns show great building works and an orderly administration built upon an agricultural economy.

Many of the houses were built on mud-brick platforms that protected the buildings from seasonal floods, and multiple storey dwellings were common. Other structures include large buildings that may have been used for storing grain and for government. The Old European inhabitants of The Indus River Valley had also developed pictographic writing. A large number of clay seals bearing this language have been recovered, but sadly has never been deciphered.

1500 BC: OLD EUROPEANS ABSORBED INTO DARK NATIVES AND NORDIC INDO-EUROPEAN INVADERS

It is often suggested that the drying up of a major river in North India - the Hakra River - was the cause of the collapse of the Indus River Valley Civilization. This however is not the likely cause of the collapse of the entire culture, spread out, as it was, far further than just around one river.

The real reason for the disappearance of the people of the Indus River Valley is in fact much simpler -like all of the Old European civilizations, the Indus Valley Harappans were to be overwhelmed and integrated into other peoples, be they the dark natives or the new White invaders, the Indo-European Aryans (as detailed in chapter 5).

In this way all the original White Mediterranean civilizations - from western Europe right through to northern India - were all but wiped out through racial assimilation.

Chapter 5

or back to

White History main page

BUY THIS BOOK NOW!

All material (c) copyright Ostara Publications, 1999.

Re-use for commercial purposes strictly forbidden.

MARCH OF THE TITANS - A HISTORY OF THE WHITE RACE

CHAPTER 5 : THE INDO-EUROPEAN INVASIONS

Most modern day Whites are to the greatest part, either direct or part descendants of a great wave of White peoples who swept into Europe from about 5000 BC till around 500 BC - these peoples, Nordic in terms of the White racial sub-groupings, had their original heartland in the region known today as central and southern Russia (hence Whites are often today called Caucasians - after the Caucasus mountains which are situated in the southern reaches of that country).

It is still unknown precisely what caused these Indo-European peoples to start migrating. Recent research indicates that the flooding of the Black Sea basin from the Mediterranean - established as a factual occurrence around 5600 BC - was the probable cause of the first great movements, and the time scale would certainly fit.

Meltwaters from the retreating icesheets at the end of the Pleistocene caused the world's oceans to rise by almost 100 meters. In 5600 BC, the rising waters of the Mediterranean Sea burst through the narrow neck of the Bosporus, inundating and destroying the civilizations ringing the fertile Black Sea basin. It is this catastrophe which triggered the great Indo-European migrations and spawned the Bibical legend of the flood, familiar to adherents of the Christian faith.

With the aid of the horse, the first Indo-Europeans moved in all directions, disrupting the slow but steady pace of development everywhere they went. Large numbers settled in northern Europe, staying there till they later began again to move south; others moved off to the Middle and Near East, while others ventured west, crossing into Britain and Spain.

Leaving the Black Sea Basin, the Nordic Indo-European peoples invaded Europe and Asia. Europe was settled by four main groups: the Celts, the Germans, the Balts and the Slavs. In the south they settled pre-dynastic Egypt and the Middle East, penetrating India (the Indo-Aryans); Afghanistan (the Aryans); China (the Tocharians) and Japan (the Ainu) - See chapter six.

The difference between the western and eastern migrations of the Indo-Europeans was that in the west they mixed with genetically similar populations - while in the east they mixed with, and were eventually submerged by, genetically dissimilar peoples.

BATTLE AXE PEOPLE - THEIR IRON-MAKING ADVANTAGE

These Nordics slowly crept westward, invading and re-invading western Europe for a period of nearly 6000 years, finally resulting in the establishment of a new Nordic heartland in northern Europe.

Their great advantage over the already existing White Mediterranean and Proto-Nordic populations was that they brought with them the secret of iron working: this is why some became known as the "battle axe people".

From this heartland in northern Europe - the womb of nations (vagina gentium, as the Romans called the region) successive waves of Indo-European Nordic invaders swept down over a period of centuries into all parts of Europe and into the Near East, conquering or displacing the peoples they found.

These original Nordic tribes had stone buildings and worked bronze and copper. How much of this metal working skill was passed south to the middle eastern civilizations remains a matter of debate.

However, what is certain is that successive waves of Nordic tribes started invading central and southern Europe in earnest about 2000 BC, and caused the Old European civilizations to topple. Nordic tribes occupied large regions of Turkey, Crete, Greece and southern Europe and Italy.

The invading Nordics soon integrated with the largely Mediterranean populations of these areas and in many cases provided the leadership elite of these territories.

Some Nordic tribes migrated into the Far East - as far as China, where some Nordic remains have been found in burial chambers. The Indo-European Nordic tribes were responsible for many of the world's principal civilizations: the Aryans in India, the Kassites, the Hittites, Persian, Mycenean, Greek, Roman, Celtic, Teutonic, Slavic and latter day Western European cultures.

THE INDO-EUROPEAN INVASIONS - PART ONE

EUROPE

The largest Indo-European invasion of Europe was carried out by four main groups:

The Celts;
The Germans;
The Balts; and
The Slavs.

All of these four major groupings arrived in the European continent in waves from around 4000 BC up to as late as 500 BC.

The great Nordic Indo-European invasions of Europe took place in four main waves, and then in a number of sub waves. Each sub wave was a smaller tribe from one of the four major migrations. Leaving their ancestral homeland in the Caucasus, the Celts (1); the Germans (2), the Balts (3) and the Slavs (4) settled different regions of Europe, often giving their names to those regions. Sub waves of note included the Mycenae (1A) into Greece and the Latini (1B) into Italy - both of these sparked off the great Classical civilizations for which those lands became famous. In all of these regions, the invaders found the already present population of Old Europeans to be largely racially assimilable. Hence the Latini mixed with the Etruscans in Italy, producing a Nordic/Mediterranean mix which typified the original Roman type. The same process occurred in Ireland, which is the cause of the "Irish look" varying between Nordic (blue eyed and blonde) and dark hair and dark eyes, or dark hair and light eyes.

The word Celt itself derived from the word Keltoi, the name given to the invaders by the Greek writer Herodotus. To the Romans, the Celts were known as Galli, or Gauls; and in British Isles as Britanni.

Celtic tribes invaded Greece and Italy. In 390 BC Celts sacked Rome itself, and followed this up with a raid on the holy Greek site of Delphi in 279 BC.

Although these Indo-European tribes used different names, they were all of common Nordic sub-racial stock. Their languages all stemmed from a single proto-Indo-European language, which formed at a time when all of their ancestors lived together in their original Indo-European heartland in modern day Russia.

The influx of a relatively large amount of new Nordic sub-groupings into Europe affected the racial make-up of the various regions in different ways, depending upon the nature of the already existing original European population living there.

In areas where there was a sparse population, or where there was a greater degree of Proto-Nordics living, the Indo-Europeans maintained to a greater degree their Nordic characteristics.

Where there was an already existing Proto-Nordic/Alpine/Mediterranean mix, the nordicism of the new arrivals was soon diluted. The least populated areas and the least Alpine/Mediterranean peoples were in northern and western Europe, and these areas became a new Nordic heartland, a situation which has remained unaltered until very recently.

BRITAIN NAMED AFTER BRITANNI CELTS

By 600 BC, the Britanni Celts had occupied much of what is today known as western Europe - France, parts of the Low countries (Belgium, Holland), Britain and Spain. The very names Brittany (in France) and Britain itself are derived from this group.

These Celts migrating westward found the regions relatively sparsely populated with an already quite mixed Proto-Nordic/Alpine/Mediterranean peoples. In most parts the Celts mixed easily with these groupings, producing a wide range of sub grouping racial types. This has led to the Celtic "look" varying between the typical short, brown eyed and haired "Celtic" Welshman; and the red haired blue eyed Scotsman also being a called a "Celt."

These western European Celts were later to be overrun by the descendants of other Indo-European tribes who had invaded Italy and had become the Romans.

THE GERMANS AND BALTS IN CENTRAL AND NORTHERN EUROPE

The Germani Indo-European tribes initially settled in what is today Denmark and southern Scandinavia around the year 4000 BC, but soon thereafter starting moving south, closer to central Europe, later giving their name to Germany.

The Balts occupied the northern coast of the continent (giving their name to the Baltic sea) and the Scandinavian countries (dominating them, with the notable exception of Finland, which has to this day retained a large part of its original Alpine/Mediterranean population make-up).

A wagon which summarizes the technical sophistication of pre-Roman Germans: The Dejbjerg wagon from Denmark, circa 500 BC, includes an astonishingly sophisticated roller bearing system of wooden pins in a bronze brace, to facilitate the turning of the wheel on its axle. Such sophisticated technology shows that the Pre-Roman Empire Celts, Germans, Balts and Slavs were actually not "barbarians" at all but highly developed people capable of stunning technological feats.

From 1800 to 400 BC, Celts in southern Germany and Austria developed two advanced metalworking cultures, named by archaeologists after the places where the most plentiful artifacts were found: Urnfield and Hallstatt in Upper Austria. The skills developed in each of these two spread throughout Europe - they introduced the use of iron for tools and weapons.

In Central Europe the Germans also established themselves in a wide belt running from eastern France through to Poland and south into the Balkans. It is presumed that advance parties of Germans could also have been responsible for the wave of Indo-European peoples called the Latini, who penetrated Italy around this time.

THE CELTS IN SOUTHERN EUROPE

A tribe of Indo-Europeans called the Latini penetrated as far south as Italy, taking control of that peninsula and mixing with the existing original European populations in Italy, and creating what was later to become the world's greatest empire - Rome. The Latini gave their name to the language they carried with them, Latin. In an act of irony, Roman military power was to later overwhelm their distant Indo-European cousins, the Celts in France and Britain, but was in turn to be overrun by the descendants of the Indo-European Germans.

The Latini were not the only Celts to move down the Italian peninsula. Around 400 BC yet another tribe of Celts invaded Northern Italy, drove out an Etruscan settlement and founded the city of Milan. In 390 BC, a Celtic army even succeeded in invading the city of Rome itself, and only left once the Romans had paid them a ransom in gold.

In southern France and Spain the Celts met and mixed with a well established Mediterranean population, losing much of their original Nordic physiology because of the far greater number of Mediterraneans present in that region. Many of these Celtic/Mediterranean peoples in Spain were later to be occupied by Arabic Islamic armies during the first thousand years AD. Intermingling with the Arabic conquerors produced many people in Spain who are actually Celtic/Mediterranean/Arabic mixes, displaying none of the physical characteristics of their original Indo-European ancestors.

There are however still many examples of original Celtic and Mediterranean peoples in Spain to this day, even if they are declining in number.

: Wall painting of a blonde Nordic fisherman on Crete, circa 1,550 BC.

The Lion Gate at Mycenae, circa 1,500 BC.

MYCENAE - THE FIRST INDO-EUROPEAN INVADERS

The Greek mainland, which was occupied by original Old European Mediterranean types, fell before an invasion of Indo-Europeans called the Mycenae - this tribe were the first to establish the basis upon which the classical Grecian age was to built, albeit only after yet another wave of Nordic invaders.

The Mycenae arose on a part of the Greek mainland known as the Peloponnesus, around 1900 BC with the sudden appearance of migratory Nordic tribes who quickly absorbed the local population. There is evidence that the Mycenae had contact with yet another invading Indo-European tribe, the Hittites, as evidence of trading activity exists between these two peoples.

On the Greek mainland, many towns started emerging at this time, and Mycenean colonies were established on the coast of Turkey and even as far as Syria. Myceneans are regarded as the forerunners of the classic Greek civilization and they left a magnificent city at Mycenea, whose most famous inhabitant was the king Agamemnon.

Mycenae was sacked and destroyed in 1100 BC by an invasion of yet another Nordic tribe, the Dorics. The descendants of the Dorics were known as the Spartans and the Corinthians, two peoples later to feature dramatically in Greek history.

The destruction of Mycenae caused many Myceneans to flee the Peloponnesus, and a sizable number went to the east cost of today's Turkey.

This coastal settlement became known as Ionia, and the Ionian civilization retained the rich legacy of Mycenae and also added elements of Lydian culture. The civilization that was later to rise to great heights in Athens, was born in Ionia.

THE DORICS

Starting about 1100 BC, a new wave of Indo-European Nordics invaded Greece from the north: the Dorics. The period from the time of the Dorian invasion (1100 BC) to about 750 BC, is marked for the introduction of iron working to the Grecian peninsula. The time of the Dorian Age is known to historians as the Homeric Age, because little is known about it except from the writings of the poet Homer, in his epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey.

In the Iliad, Homer described the Indo-European Acheans (the generic term for the Myceneans and Dorians) as "bright eyed", "fair headed", "fair" and "tall" as in these passages:

"And now I see all the rest of the bright eyed Acheans, whom I could well recognize and name.

"No, I bid you, pause and not make war, neither do battle rashly against the fair headed Menelaus, less you quickly be worsted by his spear.

"Do you not see how fair I am myself, and tall? I come of a brave father, and a goddess mother bore me." (The Iliad goes on to describe the goddess Athena as "bright eyed and blond"). SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE DORICS

Homeric age man was apparently warlike, brave and desirous of hardship. By all accounts it seems that Homeric man got all of these three attributes in abundance.

The economies of the time were essentially subsistence agricultural systems with a government made up of tribal kings and advisors drawn from important noble families.

It was at about this time that the city state, or polis, was started. Each city had an elevated fortified site, known as its acropolis - where the city's important inhabitants could take refuge or gather to worship their gods.

In time the place directly below the acropolis developed a residential and trading area known as the asty. The asty and the acropolis combined under one central jurisdictive rule, and this unit became known as the polis. The very word politics is derived from this Greek word, polis.

THE SLAVS IN EASTERN EUROPE

Of all the Indo-European peoples who settled in Europe around 2000 BC - during the great Nordic invasions, a group which became known as the Slavs settled the closest to the ancestral homelands in southern Russia.

The land they settled - today known as the Ukraine and Byelorussia ("White" Russia) - was ideal for cereal farming and this encouraged the settlers to turn to agriculture rather than war or conquest. By 1000 BC, these Indo-European forerunners of the Slavs had started to move westward, occupying territory around the Vistula River, in present day Poland.

This somewhat idealized painting is of a Slav funeral pyre for one of their chieftains around the year 900AD. In common with many Indo-Europeans, the Slavs traditionally cremated their important dead along with all their possessions. Where burial was chosen over cremation, it was also common to bury all the chief's artifacts with the corpse. This painting was made based on a description provided by a visitor to southern Russia at the time, and it is significant that the account had a Viking style boat in the picture - a sure indication that the original Slavs were of virtually identical racial and cultural stock to the Indo-Europeans who settled in Scandinavia and who became Vikings.

Around 700 BC, the whole region was conquered by yet another Indo-European tribe, the Scythians, who appeared from the south (where another branch of that tribe had penetrated into Asia Minor and the Near East).

By 100 BC, the Scythians had mastered much of the area, easily outfighting the agricultural Slavic farmers. However by 200 BC another - one of the last - Indo-European invaders, a tribe called the Sarmatians, had replaced the Scythians as masters of the Slavic lands, and the last of the Scythian peoples were absorbed into the new Indo-European conquerors, the two groups being racially virtually identical.

In 600 BC, another tribe of Indo-Europeans, the Goths swept down from Northern Europe and conquered the Sarmatians, taking possession of the lands in eastern Europe.

This repeated conquering and reconquering by peoples who all essentially were of the same stock - Indo-European - created the mix known as the Slavs.

Originally then, the Slavs were a virtually pure Indo-European peoples, and only later were certain elements of the Slavic population to the very east mixed to a small degree with remnants of Mongolian conquerors, creating a number of mixed race Slavic/Mongolian peoples, who quite incorrectly have become to be regarded as "typically Slavic".

Probably because of their proximity to the ancient homeland in southern Russia, the tribes who eventually formed the Slavs retained the cultural traits of their ancestors the longest.

The Indo-European sun worship religion persisted right into the 12th Century amongst the Slavs, and principle amongst their gods was a hammer wielding deity who rode in a chariot - obviously sharing a common mythological ancestry with the Scandinavian god, Thor.

As the Roman Empire began to unravel at the seams, the Slavs started moving westwards, first penetrating into the Balkan peninsula and then into central Europe.

By 650 AD the Slavs had seized the coastline along the Adriatic Sea opposite Italy (today's Albania). They also later penetrated as far south as Turkey, where these elements were swallowed up into the larger mixed race mass occupying that country by that stage in history.

The Slavs in eastern Europe not only bore the brunt of the Mongolian Hunnish invasion of Europe, but also were occupied for well on 1000 years by the Muslim Turks.

The limited mixing that took place with parts of both these conquerors created the dark "Slavic" look associated with many in the region today. Many of these racial types are the result of these mixtures, although there are still of course still large numbers of Slavs who show the physical characteristics of their Indo-European ancestors.

CELTIC INNOVATIONS - CHAIN MAIL AND SOAP

These Indo-European tribes may have had a common root, but this did not stop them fighting with each other as much as with anybody else, with each tribe being headed by a king and further divided by class into Druids (priests), warrior nobles, and commoners.

The Roman conquest of south eastern Europe, France and Britain effectively destroyed the Celtic heritage. The Celts were not as literate as the Romans and thus had less of the organizational skills or abilities of their conquerors.

However, the Celts were the inventors of chainlink armor, iron horse shoes and were the first to make seamless iron tires for their chariots. Another important Celtic innovation was soap.

In their art forms, the intricacy of which has become legendary, the links the Celts had with other Indo-European tribes is revealed. The Celtic style is marked by a preference for stylized plant motifs, usually of Greek origin, and fantastic animals, derived from the Scythians and other Russian steppe Indo-Europeans. Other favorite designs are elliptical curves and opposing curves, spirals, and chevrons, also derived from Russian steppe art.

Almost all of the original Indo-Europeans worshipped the sun, and the sun wheel image - a circle with a cross through it, dominated many designs. The modern Celtic Cross, regarded today as a Christian symbol, has been directly copied from this original Indo-European root and is originally a very pagan symbol.

Today, Celtic as a language, has survived at only the extreme ends of the area occupied by the Celts - Wales, Scotland and a few areas in Ireland.

Click Here for The Indo-European Invasions: Part Two: The Original European Religion Click Here for The Indo-European Invasions: Part Three: The Near and the Middle East Click Here for The Indo-European Invasions: Part Four: The Aryans in Afghanistan and India Click Here for The Indo-European Invasions: Part Five: The History of the Swastika

or back to White History main page

Anthropology Archive

» Sub Racial Anthropology